Speed changing, reversing, and braking gearing.



V E.]HALMA. SPEED CHANGING, REVERSING,- AND BRAKING GEARING. 1 VAPPLIOATION FILED JAIL 24, 1912. r 1,049,577, Patented Jan. 7, 1913.

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EDOUARD Ham/rigor PARIS, FRANCE, Assrenora r0 HIMSELF, snonens LOUISOREL runner, AND Louis Isaac MURISIER, or rams, FRANCE. 1

srnnn orraueine, nnynnsrne, AND BRAKING GEARING.

ful Improvement in Speed-Changing, Re versing, and Braking Gearing, More Especially Intended for Motor Road-Vehicles,

which invention is fully set forth in the following specification.

Thls -111V8Ill31011 has for its ob3ect to pro .vide speed-changing and reversing and braking gearing operated by electromagnetic means, the said gear comprising bevel toothed wheels which are always in gear and are arranged on shafts forming a cross and comprising also a spherical epicycloidal wheel train.

The improved gear comprises a series-of magnetic clutches and brakes controlling, or

rendering stationary, a part of the toothed gear of the epicycloidal system, so as to give either forward running, at the re pquired speed, or backward running, 'or braking action.

I will describe this in entionwith reference to the accompanying drawing which represents in longitudinal section, gear constructed in accordance with this invention. The gear comprises two shafts A and B,

. intersecting each other at right angles. The

'35 i forward running, the reversal, or backward running, the direct engagement and {the shaftB, receives its motion from the motor as hereinafter explained, and transmits this motion to thedriven shaft A controlling the rear'bridge of the vehicle through the medium ofa Cardan joint C;

In order toobtain the various speeds n braking of the vehicle, a system of magnetic clutches and brakes is employed, this system comprising the magnetic clutchesjD and E in connection with the fly-whe'el' F and therefore rotating at the speed of-Jf a motor. It also comprises the magnetic brakes GH and I secured to the casing containing the mechanism s6 thatthese brakes G, H and I are always 's'tat'iehary. The

magnetic clutches are supplied with current through any suitable rubhing contacts such as the spring contacts d, and e, while the magnetic brakes are supplied with current through the dond ictofrs aaand 2'. The said 3 clutches and brakes are operated by the magnetic attraction of their corresponding disks which are connected with the bevel sun wheels D E H, I ,which wheels are conb 'nti'ic with the shaft A, always in engagernent with the planet Patented Jail. 7,1913.

ary w eels J and K, which are integral with each other, or fixed together, and are mounted on the shaft B. The operation of this speed changing gear, constructed as in the example illustrated, 'to give four speeds in forward speed in backward running and braking action, is as follows: To obtain the first forward running speed, when the motor has been started, thecurrentfis sent through the clutch D, and brake. H. The wheel D then rotates at the same speed as the motor and the wheel H is held stationary. The planetary wheel J- integral with, or fixed to, the planetary wheels K, and operated by the wheel D being iconstrained to rotate on themselves, react on the stationary wheel H and cause the shaft B, and consequently the shaft A to move in the direction in which the motor rotates. The second forwardrunningspeed is obtained either by sending thecurrent through the clutch E, and the brake H, or by sending the current through the clutch D, ing preferred as causing less wear of the parts. The second speed'thus obtained is' running, one

equal to half the speed obtainedin directen'gagement. For the third forwarderunni'ng speed,flthe current is supplied to the clutch E, and the brake I. In this case the wheelE rotates at the speed of the motor and the pinionI is stationary. The planet; ary wheels K integral with, or fixed to, the

planetary wheels J being constrained to rotate on themselves, react-on-the stationary pinion I and cause the shaft and consequently the shaft A, to move in t e direction of rotation of the motor. The fourth for ward-running speed can be obtained by passing the current through D and E, the planetary. wheels J and K being thus jammed (the ratio of the numbers of teethflbeing different) 'a ddrivng the shztft R at the same spee'd asthef'clutches D and i, this speed corresponding to direct engagc ment. The reversal, or backward running, is obtained by causing the current to pass tlrroughthe clutch D and the brake G, ,The wheel D 'then'runs at the speed of th motor while the wheel E is rendered stationary. The planetary wheels J integral with, or fixed to, the planetary wheels K driven by the pinion D .are constrained to. rotate on themselves and in thismovemen't they react on the pinion E which is stationary and then takes around the shaft 3, and consequently the shaft A, in a direction opposite to that of therotation of the motor. In this way any desired graduation of the speeds can be ob.

tained by combining the ratios of the number of teeth which are in engagement in the pairs of bevel toothed wheels. The braking of the car is, effected by passing the current through H and I. The planetary wheels J and K being thus rendered stationary on their pinions H and I prevent the shaft B, and consequently the shaft A, from moving and the vehicle stops. This braking action is comparable to the clutching for direct engagement. In all cases (and especially for braking) it is desirable to apply a gradually increasing current so as to avoid jerks.

The current required for the clutching I and braking electro-magnets can be supplied from any suitable source of electricity. For example I' employ a small dynamo of 12 volts and 15' amperes operated for instance by the arrangement usually employed for the lighting installation on ordinary vehicles, which dynamo will, without any addition, fulfil all the functions required for the perfect running of the vehicle and for internal and external lighting.

The hereinbefore described arrangement which is more especially applicable to'motor road vehicles presents, over the hitherto known speed changing gears, the follow ing advantages: It does away with cone and disk clutch gears which are always very complicated and easily get out of order. It does away with levers, supports, tubes, and rods required in other systems to alter the speed. It suppresses the sliding gear sleeve and the sudden engagement of the driving teeth which causes disagreeable noise and jerks injurious to the working members of the apparatus as hitherto constructed. The pinio-ns with large teeth are small in numbe! and are in constant engagement with one another. They do not therefore require being brought into gear, which bringing int-0 gear has the defect of causir'fg considerable wear on the working surface of the teeth.

The mechanism can be adapted to the motor so as to form a combination of reduced weight and ccupving less space and facilitating the hp lication to any chassis.

By intrtd cing a resistance suitable for theelectri rrent, it is possible to obtain the vari u manipulations for altering the speedyreversing. and braking, any desired pro ressive action.

What I claim is z"- 1. In an electromagnetic speed-change gearing, the combination of an epicycloidal wheel train having two shafts at right angles and fast to each other and a revoluble magnetic clutch adapted to engage one of sun wheel of the train for the purposes de- Scr1bed.-

2. In an electromagnetic speed changin gearing, thecombination of a drive shaft an l a, driven shaft, a planetary shaft fast thereto, two pairs of oppositely. disposed sun gears looseon said driven shaft and planet gears loose on said planetary shaft and engaging said sun gears, a magnetic clutch on the drive shaft adapted to clutch either sun gear of one pair and a stationary magnetic brake adapted to engage one sun gear of the other pair thereby giving changes of speed or direction of the power driven shaft.

3. In an electromagnetic speed changinggearing, the combination of a drive shaft and a driven shaft, a planetary shaft fast thereto, two pairs of oppositely disposed sup gears loose on said driven shaft and planet gears loose, on said planetary shaft engaging said sun gears, a magnetic clutch on. the drive shaft adapted to clutch either. sun gear of one pair and two stationary magnetic brakes adapted to engage the sun gears of the other pair thereby giving changes of speed or direction or braking of tlie power driven shaft.

4. In an electromagnetic speed changinggearing, the'combination of a drive shaft and a driven shaft, a planetary shaft fast thereto, two pairs of oppositely disposed Sun gears loose on said driven shaft'and planet gears loose on said planetary shaft engaging said'sun gears a-magnetic clutch on the drive shaft adaptedto clutch either -sun gearof one pair and two stationary magnetic brakes adapted to engage the sun gears of the other pair thereby giving changes of speed or direction or braking of the power driven shaft and a reversing magneticbrake adapted to engage and held from rotation one of the clutch actuated sun gears.

' 5. In an electromagnetic change gearing the, combination of a drive shaft and a driven shaft, a cross shaft fast thereto, an epicycloidal wheel train of gears loosely mounted on said driven shaft and cross shaft, an electromagnetic clutchi between said drive shaft and said train to drive one or another of the gears on the drive shaft, an electromagnetic brake adapted toact on one or another of the gears on the driven shaft to vary the speed of the latter.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set hand in presence of two witnesses.

EDOUARD HALMA. Witnesses:

H- C. Coxn, GABREL BELLIARD.

tlopie: of this patent may be obtained folfive cents each, by Washington, D. 0.

addressing the Commissioner of Patents, 

